Keeley League (a Keeley Institute patient mutual aid society) founded. Bottled home cures for the alcohol and drug habits abound most will be later exposed to contain alcohol, opium, morphine, cocaine and cannabis.
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Leslie Keeley announces that "Drunkenness is a disease and I can cure it." He opens more than 120 Keeley Institutes across the U.S., marking the beginning of franchised, private, for-profit addiction treatment institutes/sanatoria in AmericaĬocaine is recommended by Sigmund Freud and a number of American physicians in the treatment of alcoholism and morphine addiction. The missions are linked to religiously-oriented, rural inebriate colonies.ĭr. This movement, spread across America by the Salvation Army, caters its message and services to the "Skid Row." The urban missions will birth such alcoholics mutual aid societies as the United Order of Ex-Boozers. Jerry McAuley opens the Water Street Mission in New York City, marking the beginning of the urban mission movement. They are named for their members' practice of wearing a colored ribbon on their clothing so that they could recognize one another and convey a message of hope about recovery to the larger community. New alcoholic mutual aid societies - the Ribbon Reform Clubs - begin in the Northeast and spread throughout the U.S. The American Association for the Cure of Inebriety founded under the principle "Inebriety is a disease." The Association's Journal of Inebriety is published from 1876-1914. The opening of the Martha Washington Home in Chicago marks the first institution in America that specialized in the treatment of inebriate women. A growing network of inebriate asylums will treat alcoholism and addiction to a growing list of other drugs: opium, morphine, cocaine, chloral, ether, and chloroform. The New York State Inebriate Asylum, the first in the country, is opened in Binghamton, NY. This marks the introduction of the term alcoholism. The Swedish physician Magnus Huss describes a disease resulting from chronic alcohol consumption and christens it Alcoholismus chronicus.
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His call for abstinence as a foundation of the drive to abolish slavery and prepare Black people for full citizenship anticipated modern Afrocentric models of addiction recovery. As inebriate homes spread, they will spawn several alcoholic mutual aid societies such as the Godwin Association.įrederick Douglass (having earlier acknowledged a period of intemperance in his life) signs a pledge of abstinence and becomes involved in promoting temperance among African American people. Lodging Homes and later (1857) a Home for the Fallen are opened in Boston -marking the roots of the 19th century inebriate home. Many local Washingtonian groups are replaced by a new social institution - the Fraternal Temperance Society, some of which are organized exclusively for "reforming" men. The Washingtonian Society, organized by and for "hard cases," will grow to more than 600,000 members before its precipitous decline in the mid 1840s.
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Samuel Woodward calls for creation of inebriate asylums. Lyman Beecher's Six Sermons on Intemperance describes those "addicted to sin" of intemperance, notes presence of "insatiable desire to drink," and describes warning signs of addiction to distilled spirits.ĭr. Benjamin Rush calls for creation of a "Sober House" for the care of the confirmed drunkard. Rush's writing marks beginning of American temperance movement.ĭr. Benjamin Rush's Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits on the Human Mind and Body catalogues the consequence of chronic drunkenness and argues that this condition is a disease that physicians should be treating. It is the earliest American essay on alcoholism.ĭr.
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Some are part of, or evolve into, abstinence-based Native American cultural revitalization movements and temperance organizations.Īnthony Benezet's Mighty Destroyer Displayed is published. Significant Events in the History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in AmericaĪlcoholic mutual aid societies (sobriety "Circles") are formed within various Native American tribes.